Acute resistance exercise load modulates brain haemodynamics, working memory, and inhibitory performance

Background Acute resistance exercise (RE) has been shown to improve executive function (EF), but its effects at different intensities on specific EF domains (e.g., inhibition, working memory) and underlying brain mechanisms (i.e., brain hemodynamics) …

Aroma of textitGenius Essential Oil Blend Significantly Enhances Cognitive Performance and Brain Metabolism in Healthy Adults

This double-blind positive-controlled study investigated the potential for the aroma of a novel blend of essential oils, Genius to enhance cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults, and whether any such benefits might be related to changes in …

Bilateral dynamic cerebral autoregulation assessment during endovascular treatment in large‐vessel occlusion stroke

Recanalization by endovascular treatment (EVT) is effective in acute ischaemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion. Better understanding of the pathophysiology could possibly identify targets for improving peri-procedural management and thereby …

Influence of the combination of end-expiratory breath hold training and inspiratory muscle training on performance in artistic swimmers.

This study explored the effects of combining repeated-sprint training with end-expiratory breath-hold (EBH) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on cardiorespiratory fitness and performance in artistic swimming. In a quasi-experimental study, …

Personalized versus fixed tactile cueing in Parkinson’s disease: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial on gait automaticity

Background Gait automaticity, the ability of the brain to control locomotion with minimal use of executive-attentional resources, is altered in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, we showed that step-synchronized tactile cueing improved …

Perturbing the pathway: The impact of lollipops and lidocaine on supramarginal gyrus activity during silent reading tasks

Abstract Introduction The effects of auditory perturbations on reading performance are well studied, but somatosensory perturbations are less understood. Recent research shows oral sensory perturbations (stimulation and anesthesia) improve reading …

Relationships between cognitive appraisals of threat and challenge, psychophysiological responses, and clinical performance during high-stress simulated osces

Introduction In healthcare education, Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are often utilised as a practical assessment tool and can cause marked elevations in psychophysiological stress levels for students. Cognitive Appraisal Theory …

Acute physiological responses during repeated sprint training with maximum end-expiratory breath-holds

Purpose Repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) performed with voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volumes (RSH-VHL) has been proposed as an alternative to RSH. Recently, repeated sprint training combined with end-expiratory breath hold until the …

Affective and cerebral haemodynamic responses to audiovisual stimuli during exercise above and below the ventilatory threshold

Audiovisual stimuli during exercise can improve affective and perceptual responses; however, the factors moderating this benefit as well as the associated cerebral haemodynamic responses remain largely unexplored. Accordingly, the present work …

Altered descending modulation in patients with chronic primary low back pain assessed by non-invasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Low back pain (LBP) is a significant public health issue. Despite current medical imaging and neurophysiological tests, up to 90% of patients lack a clear cause, leading to a diagnosis of chronic primary low back pain (CPLP). Non-invasive functional …

Assessing the objective and subjective impacts of nature for reducing cognitive fatigue

Exposure to nature can help recover cognitive fatigue by enhancing working memory, attention control, and cognitive flexibility. However, these effects may be impacted by multiple confounding variables, including engagement level and baseline …

Assessment of Brain Cortical Activation in Passive Movement During Wrist Task Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Purpose: Nowadays, the number of people diagnosed with movement disorders is increasing. Therefore, the evaluation of brain activity during motor task performance has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Functional Near-Infrared …

Cold Water Immersion: Simultaneous Assessment of Cerebral Oxygenation, Vascular Function, and Thermoregulatory Responses

Introduction Developing a greater understanding of how the body reacts following cold water immersion (CWI) and its impact on human performance is required for the development of future monitoring technologies and countermeasures to reduce …

Distinguishing Fowler’s and Semi-Fowler’s Patient Postures Within Continuous-Wave Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During Auditory Stimulus and Resting State

Background/Objectives: Lightweight and portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems enable neuromonitoring in clinical environments such as operating rooms. Patient posture is known to influence physiology, behavior, and brain …

Effect of Dynamic Balance Training Combined with Different Intensities of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in People with Parkinson’s Disease: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Impaired balance is one of the most disabling symptoms in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). While motor intervention can improve balance control, its effects might be enhanced through cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS). …

Effect of Teacher–Student Interaction on Language Learning Under Anxiety: An fNIRS‐Based Hyperscanning Study

Teacher–student interactions are crucial in language learning, often modulated by students’ emotional status. Although the interaction quality is known to be associated with improved learning outcomes, its effect in anxious contexts remains unclear. …

Effects of fractional inspired O$_textrm2$ on the O$_textrm2$ pathway during submaximal and maximal exercise in male endurance athletes

We utilized non-invasive methods and novel computational approaches to examine the effects of acutely varying fractional inspired O2 (FIO2) on convective and diffusive steps of O2 transport and muscle tissue (de)oxygenation during incremental cycling …

Evidence for Differential Effects of 2 Forms of Exercise on Prefrontal Plasticity During Walking in Parkinson’s Disease

Background. In a randomized control trial conducted in patients with Parkinson’s disease, a treadmill training program combined with virtual reality that targeted motor and cognitive aspects of safe ambulation led to fewer falls, compared with …

Measuring neurodevelopment of inhibitory control in children using naturalistic virtual reality

Inhibitory control develops over time and is linked to fronto-striatal maturation. Traditional computerised assessments often lack ecological validity and are not age appropriate. Here, we developed a naturalistic, age-appropriate paradigm using a …

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation During Hemodialysis Enhances Exercise Capacity in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Exercise capacity is markedly impaired in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to neuromuscular dysfunction and reduced oxygen delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NMES during HD on exercise capacity in …