Accuracy deficits during robotic time-constrained reaching are related to altered prefrontal cortex activity in children with cerebral palsy

Background The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important node for action planning in the frontoparietal reaching network but its role in reaching in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is unexplored. This case–control study combines a robotic task with …

Acute sport-related concussion alters cardiac contribution to cerebral oxygenation during repeated squat stands

Assessment of cerebral oxygenation during repeated squat stands following an acute sport-related concussion (SRC) has the potential to identify physiological changes following SRC. All varsity university athletes completed a pre-season assessment and …

Combining wearable fNIRS and immersive virtual reality to study preschoolers’ social development: a proof-of-principle study on preschoolers’ social preference

A child’s social world is complex and rich, but has traditionally been assessed with conventional experiments where children are presented with repeated stimuli on a screen. These assessments are impoverished relative to the dynamics of social …

Comparative Neuroexcitation Patterns Using fNIRS in Women With Overactive Bladder

Importance Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive technique used to quantify prefrontal cortex (PFC) neuroexcitation. The PFC is involved in the decision to void, and dysfunction in the region has been associated with …

COVID-19 may Enduringly Impact Cognitive Performance and Brain Haemodynamics in Undergraduate Students

To date, 770 million people worldwide have contracted COVID-19, with many reporting long-term “brain fog”. Concerningly, young adults are both overrepresented in COVID-19 infection rates and may be especially vulnerable to prolonged cognitive …

Deciphering brain activation during wrist movements: comparative fMRI and fNIRS analysis of active, passive, and imagery states

Understanding the complex activation patterns of brain regions during motor tasks is crucial. Integrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers advanced insights into how brain activity …

Developing customized NIRS-EEG for infant sleep research: methodological considerations

Significance: Studies using simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-electroencephalography (EEG) during natural sleep in infancy are rare. Developments for combined fNIRS-EEG for sleep research that ensure optimal comfort as well …

Ecological functional near-infrared spectroscopy in mobile children: using short separation channels to correct for systemic contamination during naturalistic neuroimaging

Significance The advances and miniaturization in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) instrumentation offer the potential to move the classical laboratory-based cognitive neuroscience investigations into more naturalistic settings. Wearable …

Exercise training-induced speeding of V˙O2 kinetics is not intensity domain-specific or correlated with indices of exercise performance

Purpose This study examined the effect of 3 and 6 weeks of intensity domain-based exercise training on V˙O2 kinetics changes and their relationship with indices of performance. Methods Eighty-four young healthy participants (42 M, 42 F) were randomly …

High-intensity interval training with blood-flow restriction enhances sprint and maximal aerobic power in male endurance athletes

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve endurance performance. Purpose: We investigated the concurrent impact of HIIT and blood-flow restriction (BFR) as a novel approach to further enhance maximal aerobic and anaerobic physiology and …

High-Voltage Electrical Stimulation Can Restore Mitochondrial Capacity Following Denervation by Cauda Equina Injury

High-voltage functional electrical stimulation (HVFES) training of denervated, degenerated muscle (DDM) increases muscle mass and force output, regenerates muscle fibers and restores muscle ultrastructure. However, the effects of this training on the …

IMPACT OF NOCTURNAL OXYGEN ENRICHMENT ON HIGH-ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION

Nocturnal oxygen enrichment improves sleep at high-altitude but may impair acclimatization. PURPOSE: Determine if nocturnal oxygen enrichment impacts acclimatization. METHODS: A 7-day acclimatization protocol occurred at a field-based research site …

Individual muscle hypertrophy in high-load resistance training with and without blood flow restriction: A near-infrared spectroscopy approach

We aimed to compare individual hypertrophic responses to high-load resistance training (HL-RT) or high-load with blood flow restriction (HL-BFR). Furthermore, we investigated whether greater responsiveness to one of the protocols could be explained …

Investigating the interplay between cognitive workload and situation awareness during full driving automation

This study investigates concurrent changes in cognitive workload and situation awareness during the use of full driving automation. Research shows that automation use has a negative effect on situation awareness. Driving studies posit a decline in …

Muscle tissue oxygenation in individuals with peripheral arterial disease of different walking abilities: An exploratory study

Background: Blood flow restriction caused by peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is reflected in reduced walking capacity. The peripheral mechanisms that may affect the walking capacity of individuals with PAD are not yet fully understood. This study …

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Allows for Monitoring of Bone Fracture Healing via Changes in Oxygenation

Bone fractures are associated with hypoxia, but no longitudinal studies of perfusion measurements in human patients have been reported despite the clinical and research potential. In this longitudinal observational cohort study, the near-infrared …

Performance metrics outperform physiological indicators in robotic teleoperation workload assessment

Robotics holds the potential to streamline the execution of repetitive and dangerous tasks, which are difficult or impossible for a human operator. However, in complex scenarios, such as nuclear waste management or disaster response, full automation …

Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Wearable Devices to Identify Central Versus Peripheral Limitations During Exercise

The gold standard to assess the aerobic capacity in physically active subjects and athletes is the maximal oxygen consumption test (VO2-max), which involves analysis of exhaled-gases and cardiorespiratory variables obtained via the breath-by-breath …

Atypical prefrontal neural activity during an emotional interference control task in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typically characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, which may be associated with a failure to naturally orient to social stimuli, particularly in recognizing and responding to facial …

Boys vs men differences in muscular fatigue, muscle and cerebral oxygenation during maximal effort isometric contractions: the effect of muscle blood flow restriction

Purpose To examine whether the children’s superiority, over adults, to resist fatigue during repeated maximal-efforts depends on their often-cited oxidative advantage, attributed to greater muscle blood flow and O2-delivery. We also investigated the …