A scoping review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies of reading development in children aged 6–12

Significance Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers several advantages for neuroimaging in children, yet its use in research on cognitive development, particularly reading, remains limited. Aim This scoping review focuses on fNIRS …

Acute effects of moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity interval exercise on vascular function

Purpose To assess and compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on central and peripheral arterial stiffness, as well as endothelial and microvascular reactivity in healthy, …

Balancing load, memory, and movement: Effects of cognitive reserve on dual-task performance in older adults

Cognitive reserve (CR) is thought to mitigate age-related cognitive decline by supporting more efficient or flexible allocation of neural resources during cognitively demanding situations, yet its neural and behavioral signatures during challenging …

Comparing Local and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning for Improving Repeated Sprint Ability in Male Basketball Players

Purpose: This study examined whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improves repeated sprint ability (RSA) in basketball players and compared the effects of local IPC (LIPC) and remote IPC (RIPC). Methods: Eighteen male college basketball players …

Differences in gait and prefrontal cortical activity between recurrent fallers and non-fallers with Parkinson's disease during single- and dual-task walking

Background Falls are common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated with gait impairments, particularly under dual-task conditions. Although gait characteristics differ between fallers and non-fallers, it remains unclear whether …

Effects of acute resistance exercise on prefrontal oxygenation and task-switching performance: Considerations of loading strategies and blood flow restriction

Although acute resistance exercise (RE) has been proposed to influence cognitive flexibility and underlying neural mechanisms, it remains unclear whether these effects vary across loading strategies and whether exercise-induced prefrontal hemodynamic …

Effects of cold water immersion versus active recovery on oxidative stress, redox gene expression and mitochondrial adaptations after strength training

Abstract We compared the acute and chronic effects of postexercise cold water immersion (CWI) and active recovery (ACT) on oxidative stress, redox‐related gene expression, mitochondrial adaptations and muscle oxidative capacity. In a crossover study, …

Effects of Repeated Sprint Training With Hypoventilation on Specific Performance in Elite Epee Fencers

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) induced by voluntary hypoventilation (VHL) on sport-specific performance in elite epee fencers. Methods: Twenty-two elite-level fencers (national to …

Functional brain connectivity correlates of pain relief during virtual reality exposure in cancer patients

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) has shown promise for pain relief, including in cancer-related contexts, yet its underlying neurophysiological correlates remain unclear. Understanding brain-based correlates is important for evaluating VR programs …

High-intensity interval training with blood-flow restriction enhances sprint and maximal aerobic power in male endurance athletes

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve endurance performance. We investigated the concurrent impact of HIIT and blood-flow restriction (BFR) as a novel approach to further enhance maximal aerobic and anaerobic physiology and performances …

How many trials are enough? An fNIRS study of real and illusory movement

Objective: In movement science, there are no recommendations regarding the number of trials (NoT) required to stabilize the intertrial variability of the cerebral hemodynamic response (CHR) in fNIRS block design. This study aimed to determine the …

Left frontal activity measured by fNIRS during a verbal memory task is modulated by predictability in cognitively healthy older adults

Background Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is widely used to measure cognitive load during working memory tasks. However, little is known about how task structure modulates load-dependent neural responses. Objective We examined how …

Macro‐ and microcirculatory factors affecting foot temperature change during walking

Change in skin temperature is a complex process affected by several factors. During walking, increased microcirculatory activity, such as muscle metabolism, could increase foot temperature. The ensuing macrocirculatory responses, such as increased …

Muscle oxygenation measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy during resistance training: A scoping review

Abstract Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical technique used to estimate local muscle oxygenation by measuring hemoglobin‐related variables and muscle oxygen saturation. This information helps understand how skeletal muscles …

The impact of risk-predictive HMI on drivers’ physio-psychological states in partially automated driving

Partially automated driving systems still rely on human drivers to monitor the environment and resume control when needed. Due to reduced vigilance and situation awareness during automation, drivers may misjudge the level of risk and the system’s …

Towards an understanding of somatosensory perturbation on covert speech production: a functional near infrared spectroscopy study

Introduction: Recent initiatives have sought to understand the impact of somatosensory feedback during varying speech production tasks. The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) is a multi-function region that represents the somatosensory system and plays an …

Wearable Multimodal Physiological Sensor-Based Recognition of Pilots’ Mental Workload Using fNIRS, ECG, and Eye-Movement Signals

Effective mental workload recognition is essential for reducing human error and enabling dynamic function allocation in human–machine systems. In this study, a multimodal physiological sensor-based mental workload recognition approach was developed …

You Are Always on My Mind: Neural Synchrony Between Mothers and Their 2‐Year‐Olds During Collaborative Play

Working with others is an essential skill for everyday life. Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) has been suggested as a potential neurobiological correlate of collaboration between parents and school-aged children. This study investigated whether …

Acute hemoglobin responses during bench press exercise across relative loads and sport backgrounds: a cross-sectional functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Purpose To compare acute hemoglobin responses during bench press (BP) exercise among bodybuilders (BB), powerlifters (PL), Paralympic powerlifters (PP), and untrained controls (CON), with emphasis on relative load and sport background. Methods …

Carbon dioxide is a triple vasodilator

Aims Carbon dioxide (CO2) can regulate blood flow and is applied therapeutically in intensive care units to treat brain injury, as well as in balneotherapy for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and diabetic angiopathy; however, its mode of action …