Effect of dark chocolate supplementation on tissue oxygenation, metabolism, and performance in trained cyclists at altitude

Dark chocolate (DC) is high in flavonoids and has been shown to increase nitric oxide in the blood. Increased nitric oxide has the potential to improve delivery of oxygen to muscle, especially in hypoxic conditions, such as altitude. Our aim was to …

A novel gravity-induced blood flow restriction model augments ACC phosphorylation and PGC-1$α$ mRNA in human skeletal muscle following aerobic exercise: A randomized crossover study

This study tested the hypothesis that a novel, gravity-induced blood flow restricted (BFR) aerobic exercise (AE) model will result in greater activation of the AMPK–PGC-1$α$ pathway compared with work rate-matched non-BFR. Thirteen healthy males …

Fat Oxidation Kinetics Is Related to Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics During Exercise

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine whether whole-body fat oxidation and muscle deoxygenation kinetics parameters during exercise were related in individuals with different aerobic fitness levels. Methods: Eleven cyclists [peak oxygen …

Physiological adaptations to repeated sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of repeated-sprint (RS) training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) on physiological adaptations, RS ability (RSA) and anaerobic performance. Methods: Over a …

Oxygenation, local muscle oxygen consumption and joint specific power in cycling: the effect of cadence at a constant external work rate

Purpose: The present study investigates the effect of cadence on joint specific power and oxygenation and local muscle oxygen consumption in the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis in addition to the relationship between joint specific power and …

Local muscle oxygen consumption related to external and joint specific power

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of external work rate on joint specific power and the relationship between knee extension power and vastus lateralis muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2). We measured kinematics and pedal forces …

Topical application of cream containing nonivamide and nicoboxil does not enhance the performance of experienced cyclists during a 4-km time-trial

Purpose: Topical application of nonivamide–nicoboxil cream to resting legs has been shown to enhance the level of oxygenated haemoglobin in leg muscles 15 min later. Here, we examined whether such application improves the performance of experienced …

Repeated apnea-induced contraction of the spleen in cyclists does not enhance performance in a subsequent time-trial

Purpose: Splenic contraction induced by repeated apneas has been shown to increase oxygen availability. Our aim was to determine whether repeated maximal voluntary apnea enhances the performance of cyclists in a subsequent 4-km time trial. Methods: …

Breakpoints in ventilation, cerebral and muscle oxygenation, and muscle activity during an incremental cycling exercise

The aim of this study was to locate the breakpoints of cerebral and muscle oxygenation and muscle electrical activity during a ramp exercise in reference to the first and second ventilatory thresholds. Twenty-five cyclists completed a maximal ramp …