A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial Exploring the Short‐Term Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Effects of Consuming Peppermint Tea: A Mediation Study

The cognitive‐enhancing effects of peppermint have been widely reported. Vasodilation, causing an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the prefrontal cortex, has been implicated as a possible mediator. We tested this here. A total of N = 25 …

Continuous Wave-Diffuse Optical Tomography (CW-DOT) in Human Brain Mapping: A Review

Continuous wave-diffuse optical tomography (CW-DOT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuroimaging technique for assessing brain function. Its ability to provide brain mapping with high spatial resolution over traditional functional …

Differences in brain function entropy due to cognitive impairment: Application of functional near infrared spectroscopy measures during dual-tasking

Screening guidelines for cognitive impairment are subjective and inconsistent, often leading to delayed diagnoses. An objective, simple method is needed. Dual-tasking, combined with brain function measurements, may provide sufficient cognitive cost …

Evaluating the Intensity of Muscle Contraction by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy, a Potential Application for Scaling Muscle Spasm

Muscle spasticity, common in conditions such as cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis, is traditionally assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale, which lacks consistency. This study evaluates near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) …

Mitochondrial and cardiovascular responses to aerobic exercise training in supine and upright positions in healthy young adults: a randomized parallel arm trial

Objectives Aerobic exercise training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. Supine exercise training with legs above the heart potentially augments these increases. However, the impact of supine exercise training on mitochondrial …

Muscle deoxygenation responses are similar between repeated sprints in hypoxia performed with uni‐ versus bi‐lateral knee extensions but reduced compared to cycling

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of oxygen availability (normoxia vs. hypoxia), muscle mass and exercise type on pulse oxygen saturation, and quadriceps muscle oxygenation during repeated sprint exercises. Sixteen healthy participants …

Muscle oxidative capacity but not specific force is greater in aerobic versus resistance trained young adults

Purpose Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be applied to assess skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (mV˙O2). Specific force (SF) and echo intensity (EI) represent muscle quality. However, it is unknown how exercise participation and biological sex …

No ergogenic effect of ischemic preconditioning applied 5 or 30 min before maximal self-paced cycling exercise

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potential ergogenic technique but the response rates vary considerably in the literature. The use of markedly different IPC protocols among the published literature, including pressure, rounds of ischemia, and time …

Prefrontal Blood Flow Activity During Drawing Intervention in School-Age Children with Autism: An fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

Background/Objectives: Art-based interventions have been shown to enhance communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their impact on prefrontal hemodynamics remains unclear. Methods: This study employed functional …

Preoperative physical resilience indicators and their associations with postoperative outcomes

The health benefit of surgery in older adults may be outweighed by negative effects on cognitive or physical function. Physical resilience is defined as the potential for recovery after a stressor such as surgery. We assessed associations between …

Skeletal Muscle Resaturation Relates to Aerobic Fitness in Adults Participating in Strength and Aerobic Exercises

Purpose: This study examined differences in metrics of skeletal muscle re-saturation between strength and aerobically oriented individuals and potential relations between re-saturation and aerobic fitness. Methods: Forty-nine healthy young adult men …

The application of fNIRS in studies on occupational workload: a systematic review

Background: Occupational workload can contribute to significant health problems such as chronic stress, fatigue and burnout. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, it is necessary to monitor brain activity in real work environments. Functional …

The effect of work rate on metabolic and mechanical intensity measures across skating style sub‐techniques in cross‐country skiing

The purpose of this study was to examine how the work rate (WR) influences whole-body metabolic rate (MR) and more local measures of intensity (i.e., pole power, joint power, and triceps brachii (TB) and vastus lateralis (VL) tissue saturation index …

Yoga Asana Increases Pre-Frontal Cortex Activity and Reduces Resting State Functional Connectivity

Introduction: Various aspects of yoga have been researched for their psychological benefits, yet the neurological mechanisms underlying physical yoga postures (asana) remain inadequately explored due to limitations in prior neuroimaging techniques. …

Acute Cortical Brain Neuroexcitation Can Be Detected With Sacral Neuromodulation

Introduction Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive technique for measuring cortical brain neuroexcitation. Objective The objective of this study was to determine if fNIRS could detect differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) …

Analytical pipeline optimisation in developmental fNIRS hyperscanning data: Neural coherence between 4- to 6-year old children collaborating with their mothers

Abstract Much of a child’s early learning takes place during social interactions with others. Neural synchrony, the temporal alignment of individuals’ functional brain activity, is a neural mechanism that may support successful interaction, but its …

Cardiovascular and cerebral hemodynamics during static and dynamic breath-holding

Purpose The study investigated the changes in cardiovascular and cerebral hemodynamics elicited by the diving response during static (SBH) and dynamic (DYNBH) breath-holding (BH) in moderately trained recreational breath-hold divers (BHDs). Methods …

Combined effects of weight reduction and hypoxia on physiological and perceptual responses to high-intensity exercise in endurance athletes

Introduction This study investigated the effects of body weight (BW) reduction and hypoxia on physiological and perceptual responses during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on the anti-gravity AlterG® treadmill. Material & methods Twenty-six …

Correlation Between Co-Design and Psychological Need Satisfaction Based on fNIRs Hyperscanning

With the increasing attention paid to user-oriented design and services, the term co-design, a form of user-participatory design, is increasingly mentioned. Previous studies have shown that co-design could better satisfy user needs in process and …

Differential contribution of between and within‐brain coupling to movement synchronization

A fundamental characteristic of the human brain that supports behavior is its capacity to create connections between brain regions. A promising approach holds that during social behavior, brain regions not only create connections with other brain …